百度 三是从制度执行找不足。
Southward Evacuation of Relics
The southward evacuation of relics refers to the relocation of the national treasures housed in the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace, and other places in Beijing to the southern regions to protect them from warfare from the 1930s to 1950s. The whole process was divided into several phases including southward relocation, westward relocation, east return, relocation to Taiwan, and return to Beijing.
In 1933, about 20,000 boxes of relics were moved south to Shanghai in five waves, including 13,427 boxes and 64 packs from the Palace Museum in Beijing. In 1936, they were relocated from Shanghai to Nanjing. In 1937, with the further escalation of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the relics were moved again to southwestern rear areas, such as Guiyang, Chongqing, Hanzhong, and Leshan, along three routes. In 1945, the relics stored in the southwestern regions were transported to Chongqing and then to Nanjing. In 1948, 2,972 boxes of relics were transported to Taiwan, which are now stored in the Palace Museum in Taipei. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, more than 10,000 boxes of relics evacuated southward were transported back to Beijing from Nanjing in three waves, with the remaining 2,221 boxes kept in Nanjing.
An endeavor that mobilized nationwide forces and lasted for 15 years, the southward evacuation of relics spanned more than 20 cities, traversing thousands of miles. In the process, none of the some 20,000 relics were lost, and all of them remained basically intact, which is considered a miracle in the history of world culture. During this period, some relics were even exhibited in London, Moscow, Shanghai, Nanjing and other places.
The southward evacuation of relics was a "Long March" of national treasures, representing an episode of history etched in the memory of the Chinese nation, a brilliant chapter written by cultural heritage workers in the preservation of national history and culture, and a miracle of cultural heritage protection for mankind.
文物南迁路线图
The routes of the southward evacuation of relics.
文物南迁
文物南迁是20世纪30至50年代，故宫博物院、颐和园等单位为躲避战乱，将国宝级文物精品运往南方安全保存的一段历史，可分为南迁、西迁、东归、迁台和北返等多个阶段。
1933年，约两万箱文物分五批南迁至上海，其中故宫文物13427箱又64包。1936年，由上海迁转至南京文物库房。1937年，抗日战争战事日趋紧张，南迁文物分三路向西南后方迁移，辗转保存于贵阳、重庆、汉中、乐山等地。1945年，存于西南诸省的文物集中到重庆后东归南京。1948年，2972箱文物被运至台湾，现存台北故宫博物院。中华人民共和国成立后，一万余箱南迁文物分三批从南京运回北京，剩余2221箱留于南京。
文物南迁举国合力，历时15年、行程上万里，跨越大半个中国20多个城市，而约2万件文物中没有一件丢失，基本完整保存，堪称世界文化史上的奇迹。其间，部分文物在伦敦、莫斯科、上海、南京等地展出。
文物南迁是伟大的国宝长征，承载着一段深刻隽永的中华民族记忆，是文物工作者为民族历史文化保存写下的时代篇章，创造了人类保护文化遗产的奇迹。
